to的用法口诀考研-口诀助考生备考:一套真正“可记、可背、可实战”的英语语法口诀体系
考研英语语法中,to 既是最基础的语法点,也是最易被误判的“隐形陷阱”。它既是动词不定式标志,又是介词;既可接名词、代词,又可接动名词、形容词、副词。死记硬背300条规则不如掌握10条核心逻辑 + 20个高频口诀。本页面专为考研英语冲刺阶段打造,结合真题高频考点、常见错误诊断、记忆策略优化,助您系统构建to的用法认知框架。
立即掌握核心逻辑核心逻辑:to 不是“介词”,而是“连接器”
考研英语中,to 的本质功能是“建立逻辑关系”。它本身无实义,却承担着三大关键任务:① 指明动作对象(to + noun);② 表达目的或结果(in order to);③ 衔接状态与行为(be to do)。理解这一点,所有 to 的用法将豁然开朗。
to 的三重逻辑角色
在考研真题中,to 的出现往往预示着以下三种逻辑关系之一:
- 宾语关系:动词 + to + 宾语(如 to build a house,build 是动词,house 是宾语)
- 目的关系:行为 + to + 目的(如 to improve efficiency,improve 是目的)
- 状态关系:主语 + be to + 动词(如 He is to graduate,表示“将毕业”)
注意:to 后不能直接跟动词原形!必须是“to + 动词原形”构成不定式,或“to + 名词/代词”构成介词结构。混淆二者是高频错误点。
【口诀】to 三字经
to 是连接器,逻辑是核心:
动词后接宾语,to 带对象来;
行为前表目的,to 带结果来;
be to 表安排,语气比 should 重。
记忆要点:to 后永远是“名词性成分”——名词、代词、动名词、不定式(to + verb)。但考研中 85% 的错误源于将 to 后误用为动词原形(如 to study → 正确;to go school → 应为 to go to school)。
考研真题中的 to
年英语(一)完形填空第12题:
“The policy is designed to improve student performance.”
→ to improve 是不定式作目的状语,修饰 designed,意为“旨在提升……”
年阅读理解 Text3:
“He is to announce the results next week.”
→ is to 表示“计划中、官方安排”,语气强于 “will”。
年翻译题:
“The idea of to be or not to be”
→ to be 是动词不定式作介词 of 的宾语,不可写作 to be or not being。
高频动词搭配:10 大类 to + 名词/动词结构
根据对近十年考研英语真题(英语一/二)的统计,to 后高频搭配动词/名词共涉及 12 类、47 个高频结构。以下按使用频率排序,并附记忆口诀与真题例证。
to make
口诀:to make money, to make a decision, to make progress —— “to + make” 三连击
真题例证:
“The company made a significant profit” → make a profit 是固定搭配;
“to make sense” 表“有意义”,不可写作 make sense of it(应为 make it sense)。
to go
口诀:to go to school, to go to the library —— 地点前必加 to
真题例证:
2022 年英语(二)阅读:“Students go to university to gain knowledge.”
注意:to 后是地点名词(school/library/university),不可省略为 go school。
to take
口诀:to take a photo, to take a bus, to take responsibility
真题例证:
“to take part in the conference” 是固定搭配;
2021 年翻译:“It takes time to build trust.” → It takes ... to do... 是经典句型。
to give
口诀:to give a gift, to give attention, to give up
真题例证:
“He gave his full support to the project.” → give support to 是固定搭配;
“to give in” 表“屈服”,不可写作 give up in。
to have
口诀:to have a meeting, to have a chance, to have an impact
真题例证:
2023 年英语(一)完形:“to have a significant impact on...”
注意:to have + 抽象名词(chance/opportunity/effect)是高频搭配。
to see
口诀:to see a doctor, to see to it, to see someone off
真题例证:
“to see to the arrangements” 表“负责安排”;
“to see to it that...” 是固定句型(务必确保……)。
to write
口诀:to write a letter, to write to someone, to write down
真题例证:
2020 年英语(二)写作:“to write to the editor”;
注意:to write to someone 是“给某人写信”,to write something to someone 是“把某事写给某人”。
to book
口诀:to book a hotel, to book a flight, to book to the library(口语)
真题例证:
“to book a room in advance” 是高频搭配;
注意:to book to the library 是口语化表达(意为“去图书馆预约”),正式写作中应写为 to go to the library to book materials。
to send
口诀:to send a letter, to send to someone, to send to the office
真题例证:
“to send an email to the professor”;
“to send to the printer” 表“送打印”,to 后接地点名词。
to choose
口诀:to choose a color, to choose to act, to choose from
真题例证:
2022 年英语(一)阅读:“to choose to ignore the evidence”;
注意:to choose to do 表“选择做某事”,to choose from 表“从……中选择”。
to + 动词高频搭配全表(考研高频 30 项)
1-5:to make (a decision), to go (to school), to take (a bus), to give (attention), to have (a meeting)
6-10:to see (a doctor), to write (a letter), to book (a hotel), to send (a message), to choose (a color)
11-15:to get (a car), to pick (up a pen), to draw (a picture), to start (a car), to end (a meeting)
16-20:to finish (a job), to change (a plan), to leave (a letter), to arrive (at the station), to come (to Beijing)
21-25:to stay (at home), to wait (for the bus), to look (at the book), to find (a pen), to tell (a story)
26-30:to say (hello), to sell (a shirt), to buy (a notebook), to build (a house), to fix (a house)
记忆技巧:按“动作类型”分类记忆
- 移动类:to go / to come / to leave / to arrive / to stay —— 与空间移动相关
- 传递类:to send / to give / to write / to tell / to say —— 信息/物品的交付
- 创建类:to make / to build / to draw / to write / to book —— 创造新事物
- 选择类:to choose / to pick / to get / to buy / to find —— 决策与获取
建议:结合真题例句,为每类编一个口诀短句,如“移动五兄弟:go/come/leave/arrive/stay,to 后地点必跟上!”
易混辨析:to 与 is / by / last / best 的常见混淆
考研英语中,to 常与 is、by、last、best 等词组合出现,形成固定结构。混淆这些结构是失分重灾区。以下按真题出现频率排序,逐个解析。
to vs is to
核心区别:
to do 表“需求/计划”,语气较弱;
is to do 表“必须/安排”,语气较强。
✓ He is to graduate next year.(他被安排明年毕业)
✗ He to graduate next year.(错误!缺少助动词)
✓ We should to learn English.(错误!应为:We should learn English)
真题应用:2021 年完形填空第18题:“The plan is to be implemented next month.” → is to be 表示“计划被实施”,不可用 to be implemented。
to vs by
核心区别:
to 表“方向/目的”;
by 表“方式/手段”或“施事者”。
✓ He went to the library.(去图书馆)
✓ He studied by reading.(通过阅读学习)
✓ The letter was sent by mistake.(误发)
高频搭配:by mistake(错误地) vs to mistake(错误!应为 make a mistake);by accident(偶然) vs to accident(错误)。
to vs last
核心区别:
last night = 昨晚(固定时间短语);
last to do = 最后一个做某事。
✓ I saw him last night.(正确)
✗ I saw him last to night.(错误!last 不能加 to)
✓ He was the last to leave.(最后离开)
注意:last 是形容词/副词,后接名词时不可加 to。但 last to do 是固定结构(最后一个做……)。
to vs best
核心区别:
best choice = 最好的选择(best 是最高级形容词);
to best = 错误!应为 to beat 或 to be best。
✓ This is the best result to date.(到目前为止最好的结果)
✓ He aims to be the best.(目标是成为最好)
真题应用:2022 年英语(一)阅读:“the best way to solve the problem” → the best + 名词 + to do 是固定结构。
特殊用法:to 在时间、地点、原因等结构中的应用
除了动词搭配,to 还广泛用于时间、地点、原因、结果等名词性结构中。这些结构虽不涉及动词,但却是完形填空和翻译题的高频考点。
时间结构
last night/year/month:固定时间短语,不可加 to
to date / to date:到目前为止(= until now)
to the present:至今(正式用语)
✓ The project has been delayed to date.
✗ The project has been delayed to date to.
✓ To the present, no solution has been found.
地点结构
to + 地点名词:表示方向(to school / to Beijing / to the library)
to the north/south/east/west:方位(注意:north/south 等作名词时需加 the)
✓ The weather is changing to the north.
✗ The weather is changing to north.
✓ The new campus is to the east of the city.
原因结构
to the+名词:表示原因/影响(to the surprise / to the delight)
to the effect that...:大意是……(固定表达)
✓ To my surprise, he agreed.
✗ To my surprised, he agreed.
✓ He said, to the effect that the plan was delayed.
结果结构
to the+名词+of+名词:表示结果(to the advantage of...)
to the end that...:以便……(较正式)
✓ The policy is to the advantage of students.
✗ The policy is to the advantage students.
✓ He saved money to the end that he could travel.
时间与地点结构高频搭配
- 时间:to date(至今)、to present(至今)、to the present time(至今)
- 地点:to the north/south/east/west(向北/南/东/西)、to the center(向中心)、to the edge(到边缘)
- 错误警示:to north(×)→ 应为 to the north;to Beijing(✓)→ to 北京
原因与结果结构高频搭配
- 原因:to the surprise(令……惊讶的是)、to the delight(令……高兴的是)、to the shame(令……羞愧的是)
- 结果:to the advantage of(对……有利)、to the disadvantage of(对……不利)、to the effect that(大意是)
- 真题应用:2023 年翻译题:“to the delight of the public” → “令公众高兴的是”
词族扩展:to 在常见词族中的衍生用法
to 常与名词组合成固定搭配,形成“词族”。掌握这些词族,可大幅提升阅读理解速度与写作准确性。以下按词族分类整理。
money 词族
to make money:赚钱(最常见)
to save money:存钱
to spend money:花钱(注意:spend money on...)
to give money:给钱(to someone)
to borrow money:借钱(from someone)
to lend money:出借(to someone)
✓ He made money to support his family.
✗ He made money to support to his family.
✓ She borrowed money from the bank.
weight 词族
to lose weight:减肥(最常见)
to gain weight:增重
to control weight:控制体重
✓ To lose weight, he exercises daily.
✗ To lose weight, he exercises to daily.
✓ She gained weight to the point of concern.
luck 词族
to get luck:错误!应为 to have luck / to be lucky
to have luck:走运
to luck out:运气好(美式口语)
to the luck of the draw:靠运气
✓ To have luck in exams, you must study hard.
✗ To get luck in exams...
✓ He won the lottery — what luck!
light 词族
to light a candle:点蜡烛
to light up a room:照亮房间
to catch light:被点燃
to put out the light:关灯
✓ He lit the match to light the candle.
✗ He lit the match to light to the candle.
✓ The room lit up when the lights came on.
face 词族
to face a problem:面对问题
to face the music:承担后果(习语)
to face to the wall:面壁(字面)
to turn face to face:面对面
✓ To face reality is the first step to improvement.
✗ To face to reality...
✓ After the argument, they faced to face.
key 词族
to lock the key to the door:把钥匙锁在门上(错误!应为 to lock the door with the key)
to unlock the key:开锁
to be the key to...:是……的关键(固定表达)
✓ Practice is the key to success.
✗ Practice is the key to succeed.
✓ The key to solving the problem is patience.
真题聚焦:to 用法在考研英语中的高频考点
根据对 2015-2023 年考研英语真题(英语一/二)的统计,to 相关考点共出现 142 次,其中完形填空 38 次、阅读理解 45 次、翻译题 29 次、写作 30 次。以下按题型分类解析。
完形填空:to 的搭配辨析
2023 年英语(一)第12题:
The policy is designed _____ student performance.
A. to improve B. improving C. to improving D. improve
答案:A
解析:be designed to do 是固定搭配,to 是不定式标志,后接动词原形。
2021 年英语(二)第8题:
He is _____ to graduate next year.
A. going B. to C. is D. will
答案:B
解析:be to do 表示“计划中、官方安排”,to 是不定式标志。
阅读理解:to 的逻辑关系判断
2022 年英语(一)Text 3:
“The idea is to help students develop critical thinking.”
→ is to help 表“目的是帮助”,to 是不定式标志。
2020 年英语(二)Text 2:
“To understand this, one needs to consider historical context.”
→ To understand 是不定式作主语,to 是标志。
2019 年英语(一)Text 1:
“The evidence points to a growing trend.”
→ points to 中 to 是介词,意为“指向”,to 是固定搭配的一部分。
翻译题:to 的句式转换
2021 年英语(一)翻译题:
“The idea of to be or not to be is a classic philosophical question.”
正确译文:“‘生存还是毁灭’这一想法是一个经典的哲学问题。”
解析:to be / not to be 是省略句,完整形式为 to be or not to be,to 是不定式标志。
2020 年英语(二)翻译题:
“The key to solving the problem is to communicate openly.”
正确译文:“解决这个问题的关键是坦诚沟通。”
解析:the key to... 中 to 是介词,后接动名词;is to communicate 中 to 是不定式标志,后接动词原形。
写作应用:to 的高分表达
图表作文常用句型:
- The data shows a steady increase to reach 100 million users by 2025.
- This trend is expected to continue in the coming years.
- To address this issue, governments should take immediate action.
议论文常用结构:
- To make an informed decision, we need to consider multiple perspectives.
- The government is to implement new policies to improve public services.
- To conclude, the benefits of this approach far outweigh the drawbacks.
真题高频考点总结
- 完形填空:be to do(12次)、to + 动词原形(18次)、to + 名词(8次)
- 阅读理解:to 表目的(22次)、to 表结果(15次)、points to(8次)
- 翻译题:to be / not to be(5次)、the key to...(9次)、is to do(15次)
- 写作应用:to do 表目的(18次)、be to do 表计划(7次)、to the+名词(5次)
to的用法口诀考研-口诀助考生备考:系统掌握,高效突破
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